Experiment : Tensile test on a mild steel specimen
Aim : To find ,
1. Yield stress
2. Tensile strength ( maximum stress )
3. Stress at fracture
4. Percentage elongation
5. Percentage reducing in area
Apparatus : Hounsfield Tensometer
Gauge for percentage elongation and percentage reduction in
area
Vernier caliper
Theory : Subjecting a mild steel specimen to a gradually increasing load up to
the point of fracture and plotting a curve of load Vs extension, a graph is
obtained as shown in the figure given below.
( Note : Extension is proportional to the number of turns )
Then the Nominal stress = Load
Internal area of cross section
Procedure
The diameter was measured at the middle of the specimen was measured in two
directions perpendicular to each other and the mean value was obtained for the
gauge length of the specimen. The specimen was fitted in the chucks of the
machine and the slow moving handle was turned clock wise until the specimen is
just tight. At this point the mercury thread just begins to move. The mercury thread
was adjusted to read zero. The handle was turned slowly chock wise for one turn
and the load was noted. The proces was repeated for each full turn of the specimen.
The mean values of the final diameter and gauge length were obtained. Also prece
ntage elongation and precentage reducation in area were obtained. using the set
gauges.
Calculations
1. Yield stress = Yield Load
initial area cross section
= 2.45 x 10.3 x 4
. x ( 4.04 ). = 191.124 N / mm.
2. Tensile strength = Maximum Load
initial area of cross section
= 3.75 x 10.3 x 4
. . (4.04 ) 2 = 292 . 535 N / mm.
3. Stress at fracture = fracture Load
initial area of section= 2.75 x 10. x 4
. (4.4 ). = 214.526 N / mm.
4. Percentage elongation = Final length - initial Length
initial Length x 100
= 25.5 - 16.07 x 100
16.07
= 58.6806 %
5. Percentage reduction in area = Initial area - Final area x 100
Initial area
= ./4 ( 4.04 ) - .. ( 2.48 ) x 100
/2 ( 4.04 )
= 63.82 %
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